財政部部長劉昆：三大動向提速2018年稅改
| ?? ????? The Shard | |
|---|---|
 ?? ?????, 2013-? | |
 | |
| ???????? ???????? | |
| ??????? ?????? | ??????????? |
| ?????? | 32 ????? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ?????, ????????? |
| ????????? ???????? ????? | ???????2009 |
| ?????? ????????? ????? | ?????? 2012 (opened February 2013) |
| ????? | ~￡435 million (contract cost only)[1] |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 306 ?? (1,004 ???)[2] |
| ???????? | 304.1 ?? (998 ???) |
| ????????? ???????? | |
| ????? | 87 (including plant floors) 72 (habitable) |
| ?? ??????????? | 110,000 m2 (1,200,000 sq ft) |
| Lifts/elevators | 44[3] |
| ???????????? ??????????? | |
| ???????????? | ??????? ?????? |
| Developer | ??????? ???????????? ???????? |
| Structural engineer | ??? ???????? (??????????? ??????), WSP ???????? (?????????? ????????????), ??????? ????? ???????? (concrete temporary works), Ischebeck Titan on most floors 40+ (concrete support) |
| Services engineer | ????? |
| ?????? ????????? | ???? |
| References | |
| [2][4] | |
????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ?? ?????(????????: The Shard). ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????????????????? ? ???????? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????. 2009 ???????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? 2012 ???? 5-?? ???????? ??????. 2013 ????????? 7???? ??? ???????????????? ????????????????.
72 ??????? 3006 ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????????.
?????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????????? ?? ????? ????????????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ???-????? ????????? ? ???????????? ????????????????????. ????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????
209?????? ????????, ???????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ????? 2011 ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????. 2012 ????? 30-??? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ???????? 2012 ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????. 2017-??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????
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[?????????]- ↑ "The Shard, London: Cost of Europe's Tallest Building". TheRichest.org. 15 July 2012. Archived from the original on 2025-08-08. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The Shard – The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ↑ The Shard: The Official Guidebook. Thames & Hudson (2013). p.22. ISBN: 9780500342848.
- ↑ ?? ????? at Emporis. Retrieved 27 November 2012.